第一套 

1.Some companies allow employees to set their own working hours. What’s your opinion on this policy and why 

do you feel this way? Please include details and examples in your explanation. 

2. Some people prefer to review their class notes regularly after every class. Others prefer leaving all of their 

review until the end of the semester. Which do you prefer? Please give specific reasons and examples for your 

answer. 

3. 餐厅的电视应该移除： 

阅读：学生写信给大学校长，希望把餐厅的电视给搬走，说这样会影响学习。letter to the editor (a student writes a letter to the university newspaper )，反映学校应该拆除(cancel) ( removal)食堂(cafe ) ( dining hall) (dining room)里的 large screen TV，因为噪音大会影响同学交流（relation) (real conversation)，使得同学不愿意互相交流而经常去关注那个大电视。 

听力：男生反对，因为： 

(1) 那本来就不是看书的地方，如果你觉得会干扰跟同学的对话，可以选择离开，那里本来就是 for   relax， 要读书有图书馆，那才是安静的地方。如果食堂太安静就没有 fun 了。 

(2) 学生都是可以为自己决定负责的成年人，要选择和同学聊天还是看电视都是自己的决定，学校不应为此负责。女生附和，说得好。 

4. prototype matching:有些人有相似的习性就会做同样的决定，举一个男生交通工具的选择，汽车或脚踏车，汽车比较贵，脚踏车可以养生，练身体。 

5. 男生是学校报纸编辑，某个艺术方面的记者生病在家休养，两个方案 a.等他病好 b.有个新人，但没艺术背景。 6. Animal dominant，决定 status 方式两种：用 birds fighting for seed by pecking 举例，赢的 stronger 带走

食物资源。另一种用观察推测，同个例子中，加入第三只鸟，他会在一旁观察判断两者与他之间的强弱关系 

 

 

 

第二套 

1. Your school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your school to spend this money—improving student life, sports facilities, or research technology? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. 

2. When you’re going on a vacation with your friend, would you go on an expensive trip to a place that you’ve never visited before or a cheaper trip to a place that you’ve been to before? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation. 

 

3.阅读：学校有个 plan 关于 upcoming bicycling event，让人们对骑车感兴趣，因为这个 event 周末一些 downtown 道路会封闭，地图会贴在网上，大家能在网络上拿到 map ,知道怎么改路线。 

4.听力：男女生讨论，女生觉得不好，第一很多人已经喜欢自行车了，只是因为 campus 和 downtown 很少有停自行车的地方，学校应该要建 more rack ,就算去镇上逛街也没得停。第二，周末是人最多的时后，交通非常拥挤，如果封闭道路，给大家造成不方便。 

 

4. 阅读：Negative phototoxic, some organisms have to avoid light to threaten to survival. 

听力：The example is earthworms. Earthworms 用皮肤呼吸，要保持潮湿，太阳会让他们干躁，没办法呼吸； 

另一个是他们皮肤上有 special cells 可感光，所以会躲闭阳光跑到地下 

 

5. 女生告诉男生她和室友新搬了公寓，没有家具，她学习很忙，要室友买沙发，然后再pay—半的钱， 结果室友买了很贵的沙发她付不起。两个解决办法，一是退沙发，买个二手便宜的，但是运费要不回来； 二她也挺喜欢这个沙发，就在书店打工多赚钱，不过学业很紧张。你选哪个 

 

 

6. licensing,让 manufacturer of other country to sell their products.两个优点，一个是减低成本，因为要自己 、生产成本高，shoes company in Australia for example，他们给意大利某厂 licensing，从这里把商品卖到整欧州；另一个是有些商品不适合运送，例如 Glass door, fragile and easily damaged ，给 licensing 可避免商品在运送过成受损。 

 

 

 

第三套 

1.Talk about the biggest change in your country over the past twenty years. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation. 

 

 

 

2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 

 

 

 

3.阅读：校报上的建议：某个 lobby 原先是 for group study，建议把它改成 for individual study，同时建议 group study 在图书馆的会议室（conference room）进行。 

听力：女学生同意校报上说的。(1) 她根本不愿意去那里，有一次为了赶 paper 在那里学习，吵得要死不能专心，要求同学安静，但周围人只安静一小会然后又继续吵；(2) 同时她赞同 conference room for group study。因为有门，不会吵到别人，同时桌子很大椅子很多；然而 lobby 的桌椅很小，需要拉到一起拼起来 

 

 

5.阅读：backward framing 事后重塑。backward framing is an effect in which 人们在看过 after-the-fact advertising 之后 alter their previous opinion about a thing，一般是指重新产生了 positive 的想法。 

6.听力：教授举一个实验为例，说一组受试的人，被要求喝某种咖啡，然后作出评论。Later, the researcher showed them TV commercials in which people really enjoy the coffee。这些 sample coffee 实际上加了盐，喝起来怪怪的，但是喝完 coffee 的人，因为看过广告，还是会跟广告里面的人一样，认为这 coffee 很棒。 

 

 

 

5. 要参观博物馆但向导生病： 

阅读：女生计划下周要带一帮孩子去参观博物馆，但 tour guide 生病了。于是女生没办法带他们去。 

听力：两个解决方案：（1）女生说，女生自己带他们去参观博物馆，但她担心自己没向导懂得多，解说得没有他好。（2）男生提议，换个时间再去参观，reschedule her time。但女生说换时间的话又要和博物馆重新预约，又要从家长那拿 permission，还要 arrange tickets。 

题目：你觉得哪个方案好？ 

 

 

6.阅读：动物的适应性，2 种：(1) Structure adaption。(2) Behavior adaption。 

听力：这两种进化的方法：（1）Structure：指生物体进行物理变化来适应，比如在身体长出个东西来。EG：Bullhead shark。这种鲨鱼很小，经常被大鲨鱼欺负。经历 N 年，bullhead shark 在尾巴上长出了尖刺（spike），可以抵御大鲨鱼的攻击。 

（2）Behavior：改变自身的行为，用行动来适应来骗掠食者，例如 possum 遇到危险（狐狸）时，就装死，闭上眼睛，不动，降低心跳来躲避狐狸。 

 

 

 

第四套 

 

 

1.Which of the following volunteer activities would you prefer to participate in at a local kindergarten—helping kids with their homework, giving kids a talk about yourself, or teaching sports? Explain why. Please include reasons and examples in your explanation. 

 

 

 

2. Some people prefer to study for their exam in the morning. Others prefer to study for it in the evening before. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation. 

 

 

 

3.阅读：学生建议要教授亲自批改学生作业，而不是让一些 graduate student 批。一方面这样教授可以给更多 detailed 的意见；另一方面，教授可以知道学生的学习情况。 

听力：男同学不同意。因为（1）教授要是自己判作业，任务量大，就不会给个别学生 detailed 的意见了；

（2）教授和 TA 每星期都会见面，所以可以通过 TA 了解学生的学习状况，这样更有效率。 

 

 

 

4.阅读：Negative Externality 的概念，两方达成某个协议，但是没有卷入该协议的外人可能因此受到利益损害。 

听力：教授举例，说他小时候家附近有片漂亮农田，风景好，周围居民都很 enjoy，但是农田主人想退休，于是把地卖给一家公司，公司在那里建厂，厂房破坏美丽景致，工厂烟雾造成污染，周围居民尽管没有参与这个土地转让的协议，但他们利益受到损害，却无计可施。 

 

 

 

5. Sally 马上要做 presentation 了，却把 handout 落在住处了，她的住处 off campus，而且很远，所以她 没有时间坐公交车回家拿。两个选择，(1) 男生说可以开车送她，虽然麻烦却也可吃午饭；(2) 或者不发 handout 直接讲，但是她都准备了，而且有机会让听众更容易跟着她。要是你，你选择哪个，为什么？ 

 

 

 

6.防止 beach erosion 的两种方法—(1) 用混凝土等材料建筑 barrier，build construct in shallow water or near shore，这种 construct 减轻 force of the wave， decrease amount of water that reach the beach，降低被浪卷走的沙的数量；(2) 从近海挖沙填回沙滩，比如建个泵把海里沙子抽上来，这样以后就会更多冲走新的，旧的就留下来了。 

 

 

 

第五套 

1.Some foreigners are visiting your country but they don’t know much about the customs and climate in your 

country. What travel tips would you give them and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation. 

 

 

 

2. Some people like surprise visits from their friends, others prefer to be informed of such visits. Which one do you 

prefer? 

  

3. 【学校通知】: The lounge in the dorm should be changed into study room. Reason 1: People can go there to study. Reason 2: The study room should be equipped with computers. 

【学生对话】The man agrees. Reason 

1: It's too noisy in the lounge because people watch TV there, and the dorm rooms can be noisy too because the roommate is always on the phone or listening to music, and they have nowhere to study. Reason 

2: Computers make it so much more convenient to study, because not everyone has a computer, sometimes they have to go to the library to use the computers there and the library is closed when it's too late. 

 

 

 

4.阅读：讲 memory amnesia means the sources of the memory are forgotten，人们能记住一个事情的具体内容，但是不记得在哪什么时候发生的。听力：教授说自己和妹妹聊天说小的时候我们 hiking，累的时候看到很多很多漂亮的蝴蝶，有力气继续 hiking。妹妹 laughed at him 说，没有呀，我们没有见过呀。这个情景出现在他们儿时共同看的电视节目里面。教授又想了下说，是呀，是从 TV 上看到的 

 

 

 

5. 女学生被裁员丢了兼职工作，因为原先工作的咖啡馆生意不好，她没有足够的钱来生活，两个 solution：

（1）去叔叔的咖啡店工作，但是工作地方离学校很远，她没车，需要搭一小时的公交车，很费时间；（2）减少开支，但是就不能和朋友玩了 

 

 

 

6. 【讲座主题】2 mechanisms to make it hard for the predators to predict the next behavior of the animals. 

【讲座举例】Example 

1: Squid don't go straight, and the speed is unsteady, they choose to move in a zigzag pattern which makes it 

extremely difficult for the predators to anticipate its behavior. Example 

2: Squid can change into different colors, they can change from pink to blue then to white, for instance, the 

predator stares at something pink but all of a sudden it changes into blue, it confuses the predator thus gives the 

squid a chance to escape. 

 

 

 

第六套 

1. When visiting a new city, which of the following would you choose to better learn about the place. Visiting a museum, walking through streets, or take a organized trip. 

 

 

 

2.Some people prefer to buy high-tech products as soon as they are introduced to the market other prefer to wait for some time to get them. Which do you prefer? 

 

 

 

3.学生提议学校 dormitory lounge 提供咖啡，一是早餐更多选择，二是买多了可以选择。对话的女生同意这个 proposal 原因： 1、她没有时间去咖啡店买咖啡只能在休息室吃早餐， 如果休息室提供咖啡的话，她可以节省时间多睡一会。2.每次买咖啡都花好多钱，如果她一次在 dormitory lounge 买好多还可以享受折扣省不少钱 

 

 

 

4.

 

【名词解释】Latent demand means that potential customers needs can be identified by the companies thus better meet the needs of the customers. 

【讲座举例】Example: People used large stereos to listen to music at the beginning, later smaller stereos appeared and people started bringing them to outdoors to listen to music. Some companies sensed this latent demand, and 

they figured that isn't it great if people could listen to music in public but privately instead of playing it out loud? 

So they made tiny stereos with ear buds, and it was a huge success and there was no competition back then. 

 

 

 

5. 【学生问题】 The mail was supposed to go to the seaside with friends, but Mary asked him to go help her to move on a short notice because she has to move out by tomorrow. 

【解决方案】1: Find someone to replace him. It might not work at this last 

minute. 2: Cancel his appointment with his friends, but he has been planning to go for long, and later the weather will turn cold, and they can't go to the beach any more. 

 

 

 

6.讲的 how the expansion of railroad helped the American economics，2 个方面，第一个是 deliver the products all over the country.例子:一个 clock 公司在一个大城市开始做生意，所以它只能把产品卖给城市附近的人。

自从有了 railroad，他们可以通过火车运输东西，把东西卖到全美国。第二个万面是 factory could be built at new places.例子讲工厂原来只可以建筑在靠近raw material 的地方，因为要用coal 来power 机器，所以在south America 这个地方没有很多工厂。但是走了 railroad 之后，工厂就可以开在south america 了，因为raw material可以被 deliver 了。